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Patent Attorney Axel H Horns' Blog on Intellectual Property Law.

 

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Monday, February 28, 2005

 

Mr. Charlie McCreevy won't Restart the CII Patentability Directive.

According to various reports (EXTERNAL LINKhere and EXTERNAL LINKhere), EU Commissioner EXTERNAL LINKMr. Charlie McCreevy has refused to comply with INTERNAL LINKthe request of the European Parliament to re-start the legislative process concerning the EU Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions. Meanwhile, FFII e.V. is fostering speculations about Mr. McCreevy's motivations:
" [...]The reported reason was that if they do restart, they must produce a new text on which several other DG's, such as Information Society and Competition, must agree as well. These other DG's would reportedly never support an extreme text such as the one currently on the table in the Council, or even the original Commission proposal from 2002. They would insist on a more balanced approach, which is apparently not desired by DG MARKT. [...]"
Furthermore, they say
"[...] In the mean time, highly placed government sources have also confirmed the directive will once more appear as an A-item on 7 March, this time on the agenda of the responsible Competition Council formation. [...]"
Let's wait and see...

[UPDATE_0] 2005-03-01 21:00 There is an EXTERNAL LINKOfficial Letter written by Mr. Jose Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, sent to Mr. Borrell Fontelles, President of the European Parliament, confirming that the EU Commission expects a second reading to be held on the basis of the political agreement as reached in May 2004 by the EU Council. See also EXTERNAL LINKanother report on Heise's Newsticker.

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Friday, February 25, 2005

 

SCANIA Supporting EU Council's Version of Draft Directive on Patentability of CII.

From EXTERNAL LINKCampaign for Creativity News:
"Södertälje, 24 February 2005 - Scania is one of Europe’s leading manufacturers of heavy trucks and buses. We are able to successfully compete internationally mainly due to our investments in product development. Using the patent system in Europe to temporary protect our innovations allows us to get a return on our R&D investment.

Scania understands the work carried out by the former European Parliament in its first reading on the Directive on the protection by patents of computer-implemented inventions. However, the suggested amendments will have very negative implications for European industry. We expect the new Members of the European Parliament to listen to all industry sectors relying on patents in their R&D work and to vote in favour of the future Common Position, currently a political agreement including 21 of the amendments made by the former European Parliament.

The political agreement ensures that investments in development of innovations may continue in European companies, without broadening the scope of patentability towards business methods and the US patent system. [...]"
This statement of a truck manufacturer makes clear that the version of the European Parliament of the Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions would not only harm companies in the telecommunications sector but also other branches far away from the mainstram of IT-centered businesses.

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WIPO Casablanca Consultations.

From the EXTERNAL LINKUK-PTO website:
"The Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Dr. Kamil Idris, expressed satisfaction this week at the outcome of informal consultations on the future work of WIPO's Standing Committee on Patents, which is working to build consensus on a treaty that seeks to harmonize patent laws around the world. Following a decision by WIPO member states in autumn 2004, the Director General of WIPO convened informal consultations concerning future sessions of the Standing Committee of Patents (SCP) in Casablanca, Morocco, on February 16, 2005.

'The Casablanca consultations were very positive and fruitful and resulted in a boost for the whole work program of WIPO, particularly, substantive patent law, traditional knowledge, folklore and issues related to genetic resources and the proposed WIPO Development Agenda,' Dr. Idris said. 'The constructive approach taken during the consultations will, I believe, go a long way in resolving outstanding issues in all these important areas and demonstrates a commitment to multilateralism,' Dr. Idris added.

A copy of the statement adopted by participants at the end of the meeting is below:

Statement Adopted at the End of Informal Consultations in Casablanca on February 16, 2005
  1. Following the mandate given to him by the WIPO General Assembly in September 2004, the Director General of WIPO convened informal consultations concerning future sessions of the Standing Committee of Patents (SCP) in Casablanca, Morocco, on February 16, 2005. The consultations were attended by delegates from Brazil, Chile, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Russian Federation, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO), Eurasian Patent Office (EAPO), European Patent Office (EPO), African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) and the European Union. Dr. R.A. Mashelkar, Director General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Secretary of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in India, chaired the consultations.
  2. The consultations were held in a positive spirit. The delegates strongly endorsed the importance of multilateralism, in particular, in WIPO. The consultations resulted in the development of a proposed action plan for the near future.
  3. There was broad agreement that the objectives of the future work program of the SCP should be to address issues with a view to improving the quality of granted patents, thus avoiding unwarranted encroachments on the public domain, and to reducing unnecessary duplication of work among Patent Offices, which should produce benefits by making the patent system more accessible and cost-effective.
  4. In order to achieve these objectives, the meeting agreed that the following six issues should be addressed in an accelerated manner within WIPO with a view to progressive development and codification of international intellectual property law: prior art, grace period, novelty, inventive step, sufficiency of disclosure and genetic resources. These issues should be addressed in parallel, accelerated processes, the first four issues (prior art, grace period, novelty and inventive step) in the SCP and the other two issues (sufficiency of disclosure and genetic resources) in the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC). Each of the SCP and the IGC should agree on a timetable and report progress on the development of their discussions of the issues to the other.
  5. The meeting underlined the importance of the continued active pursuit of discussions and work within WIPO on issues related to development and intellectual property so that a robust, effective and actionable WIPO Development Agenda could emerge.
  6. The meeting recommended to the Director General of WIPO
    1. to call on Member States for proposals on the International Development Agenda for discussion at the April 2005 session of the Intersessional Intergovernmental Meeting (IIM),
    2. to convene the next session of the SCP in May 2005 to consider and endorse the objectives and work program set out above,
    3. to convene the next session of the IGC in June 2005 to consider and endorse the objectives and work program set out above, and
    4. to transmit the decisions of the above meetings to the General Assembly in September 2005 for its consideration, including a time frame for the conclusion of these issues within WIPO.
  7. The meeting expressed its warm thanks and gratitude to the authorities of the Kingdom of Morocco for hosting the consultations.
The delegate of Brazil did not associate himself with the foregoing text. [...]"
In particular the last sentence of the statement reads as if, in recation to the INTERNAL LINKUS unilateral attempt, the WIPO Member Staes have in fact agreed to proceed with the SPLT deliberations in a constructive mood?

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WIPO has come under Fire from NGOs fearing Exclusion from Key Meetings.

From EXTERNAL LINKIntellctual Property Watch:
"[...]The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has come under fire from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) fearing exclusion from key meetings in April on WIPO’s Development Agenda. But a spokeswoman from the Geneva-based U.N. body on Wednesday said it is complying with its mandate for meeting accreditations. [...]

According to CP Tech, WIPO appears to be denying all requests for ad hoc accreditation (for NGOs that are not already permanent WIPO NGO observers); and has indicated that permanent accredited NGOs may be limited to one- or two-member delegations, which CP Tech said would “greatly” skew participation in favour of right-owner NGOs as they already far outnumber other accredited non-governmental groups.

In addition, CP Tech said, WIPO has rejected or ignored requests to balance participation between right-owner and consumer-interest NGOs. [...]"
See also INTERNAL LINKmy earlier post concerning the political row on the future orientation of the EXTERNAL LINKWIPO.

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Mr. Jeremy Phillips: "Could any external non-European features be imported into the European system?"

Mr. Jeremy Phillips EXTERNAL LINKwrites in IPKat:
"IPkat co-author Jeremy is speaking at this year's ECTA Conference in London (ECTA is the European Communities Trade Mark Association). Grandly entitled Past, Present and the Future: the development of trade marks, designs and related rights in Europe, it runs from 8 to 11 June and incidentally celebrates ECTA's silver jubilee.

Jeremy's problem is this: he is speaking for 20 minutes in a session on "Could any external non-European features be imported into the European system?" and he could do with some ideas (apart from some intergalactic humour that will need to be curbed if the paper is to remain respectable). If any reader has any good ideas, can he please mail Jeremy here and let him know. All suggestions that get used will be gratefully acknowledged in the paper."
Hmmm ... Hmmm... Umm... I must confess that I do not have any idea which features could match Mr. Phillips' enquiry. Maybe this is due to my own ignorance of the various non-European trade mark jurisdictions. Or are there seriously no desirable features worth to be imported?

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Turmoil at the EPO in The Hague, NL.

A EXTERNAL LINKvery strange thing has happened: The President of the European Patent Office feels that the situation of the EPO staff in The Hague has degraded so much that there seems to be no other alternative than to make the problem widely known to the public: The Netherlands seem to have amended their laws concerning foreigners residing in NL in a way that even EPO staff runs into severe trouble:
"Rijswijk/Munich, 24 February 2005 - In its endeavour to reach an agreement with the Dutch authorities on treatment of its 2.700 staff in Rijswijk, the European Patent Office (EPO) continues to experience serious problems. For a number of years now, changes to Dutch regulations on identification and tax law have presented the EPO with ongoing difficulties. Negotiations with the Government of the Netherlands are under way with a view to redefining, in a new Seat Agreement, the conditions for treatment of the EPO as an international organisation.

In a recent statement to the Office's staff members in Rijswijk, the President of the EPO, Alain Pompidou, wrote: "I am deeply committed to the future of our branch at The Hague as an integral, essential part of the European Patent Organisation. However, the situation with respect to renegotiating a Seat Agreement with the Dutch authorities is frustrating. It is so serious that I recently wrote to Minister Bot, stating that it was affecting the smooth functioning of the EPO's branch at The Hague."

Many of the problems the EPO and its staff are encountering with the Dutch authorities are related to the use of ID cards for EPO staff, their spouses, partners and family members with the right to reside in the Netherlands. This directly affects areas such as the use of foreign driving licences and the issuance of work permits for family members of EPO staff. One main cause of the problems is that the definition of "family members" laid down in the EPO's Service Regulations is not directly comparable with the definition applied by the Dutch authorities, particularly with regard to staff members having non-EU nationality.

Recent changes in Dutch tax law implemented without prior consultation with the Office, constitute an additional source of disagreement between the two sides.

To respond appropriately to these problems, the EPO recently created an internal task force to deal with all issues relating to the current and future Seat Agreements. This will not only involve diplomatic activities to resolve the pending issues: "If necessary, we envisage taking legal action against those Dutch authorities that are in breach of the Seat Agreement", says the EPO President. Furthermore, the Office has put a dedicated helpdesk in place to assist the staff affected by the current situation.

The continuing problems have recently given rise to industrial action and have led a majority of staff to state that they would be ready to leave the Netherlands at short notice. [...]"
What can be done if the Dutch Government is unwilling to comply? Moving the EPO The Hague Operations to England or Poland? Anyway, there would be a lot of trouble also for the "customers" of the EPO who would have to wait even longer for the next Office Action in their cases.

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Tuesday, February 22, 2005

 

German Bundestag on CII: Minutes of the Debate.

I have prepared INTERNAL LINKan excerpt [PDF; in German only] of the Official minutes of the Parliamentary Debate held on February 17, 2005 concerning INTERNAL LINKthe adoption of the multi-partisan Resolution commenting on the EU Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions.

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Monday, February 21, 2005

 

Term of Office of Mr. Wubbo de BOER, President OHIM, Renewed to 2010.

From EXTERNAL LINKDocument 5411/05:
"The term of office of Mr Wubbo de BOER, born on 27 May 1948, as President of the Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (trade marks and designs) is hereby renewed for the period from 1 October 2005 to 30 September 2010."

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Sunday, February 20, 2005

 

Some Observations by Mr. Rocard on Intellectual Property: "Like Speaking Chinese".

EXTERNAL LINKMr. Michel ROCARD, INTERNAL LINKformer French Prime Minister, MEP (Socialist Group in the European Parliament) is a profiled supporter of the various anti-patent NGOs. Recently he said in an EXTERNAL LINKinterview with LeMonde:
"[...] Nous n'avons jamais pu parler un langage commun avec les représentants des grands groupes que nous avons rencontrés - et notamment ceux de Microsoft. Leur parler de libre circulation des idées, de liberté d'accès au savoir, c'est leur parler chinois. Dans leur système de pensée, tout ce qui est ôté au champ du profit immédiat cesse d'être un moteur pour la croissance. Ils ne semblent pas pouvoir comprendre qu'une invention qui n'est qu'un pur produit de l'esprit ne peut être brevetable. C'est tout simplement terrifiant. Beaucoup d'entre nous, au Parlement, conviennent que jamais ils n'ont eu à subir une telle pression et une telle violence verbale au cours de leur travail parlementaire. C'est une énorme affaire. [...]"
Or, in an English translation:
"[...] We never could have talked in a common language with the companies representatives we met - in particular those from Microsoft. Speaking about free circulation of ideas or free access to knowledge was like speaking Chinese to them. In their way of thinking, everything that is not usable for immediate profit ceases to be a growth vector. They don't seem to be able to understand that an invention which is a pure intellectual creation can't be patented. It's simply terrifying. Many of us, at the Parliament, agree to say that they never have experienced such a pressure and such a verbal violence during their parliamentary work. It is a huge case. [...]"
Perhaps, Mr. Rocard has in the subtext of his statement something like a message to the effect that supporters of a proper patentability of computer-implemented inventions should not be too much surprised if those anti-patent campaigners, at least from the patent experts' point of view, do use various blatant misrepresentations in order to support their common cause. They are, the subtext goes, not really interested in patent law. In fact, the anti-patent campaigners are not even seriously bothering with tricky technicalities of the law but they want to oppose against the current globalised capitalistic system of making money out of knowledge in the broadest sense of those terms: Terms like 'free circulation of ideas or free access to knowledge' are said to be foreign matter for those company representatives he cites, and the other side, unsaid in the interview but nevertheless clearly visible, 'Intellectual Property' is deemed to be foreign matter for those circles to which Mr. Rocard directs his favours.

In Mr. Rocard's interview, Microsoft merely appears as an illustrative embodiment of this kind of capitalistic desire to cash in lots of money out of selling knowledge-based products, be it on the platform of copyright or patents. The other players on such markets are clearly also covered by his verdict. Mr. Rocard seems to suggest that in fact the anti-patent campaigners merely form a (significant) subgroup of a broader protest movement desiring to free human knowledge from subjugation under the yoke of capitalism. Those 'companies representatives' cited by Mr. Rocard might naively have assumed that they have a common ground when talking to politicians like Mr. Rocard about markets and growth vectors - but in fact there is nothing else than a wide and deep gap, and, maybe, even no bridge over it. Only on the one side of the gap opposite to Mr. Rocard, there is a word of an ubiquitous Intellectual Property regime including not only a patent law covering computer-implemented inventions but also things like the EXTERNAL LINKparacopyright law (i.e., legal constraints on technologies which might have the power to hamper the exploitation of copyright).

Patent professionals here and there tend to suffer shortcomings on two sides: At first, in many countries patent professionals are not (or not sufficiently) trained in copyright matters. Too often they simply do not know anything about the state of the affairs on the copyright and paracopyright theatres. Such knowledge is not of substantial importance for the day-to-day patenting business; however, any overall understanding of the system of Intellectual Property as it is installed today is incomplete without a deeper understanding of this other side thereof. The political disputes of our days around the system of Intellectual Property are not only related to patent law but also, in particular, to the newest paracopyright law. Secondly, they also may fall short of recognising that there is not only a bunch of individual critics of the patent system who have gone wild and can easily be controlled by means of conventional lobbyism but a powerful conglomerate of adversaries campaigning against the Intellectual Property system in its entirety, sharing something like a fuzzy but common utopia in trying to establish some kind of a new world which a much reduced role of Intellectual Property or even entirely free of Intellectual Property.

Of course, the campaigners against the current system of Intellectual Property do not form a monolithic block. For example, the President of the EXTERNAL LINKFFII e.V., Mr. Pilch, is used to praise the holy regime of copyright versus the evil patent system but not everybody in the crowd is prepared to follow him in his euphemistic view of copyright.

Did anybody say that there are connotations with the '68 movement of the past century?

The EXTERNAL LINKWIPO controversy (see also EXTERNAL LINKhere) exemplarily shows what is at stake.

Every political gap requires some kind of a compromise if catastrophes are to be avoided. In this case it looks as if the political bridge of such a compromise needed to span the gap needs to be much more elongated than originally expected.

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Saturday, February 19, 2005

 

Computer Associates to license Patents to OSS Developers.

From EXTERNAL LINKZDnet.com:
"[...] Computer Associates plans to submit a portion of its patent portfolio to open-source developers, following moves by other technology companies delving into open source.

The Islandia, N.Y., company also intends to use its patents to defend against legal action directed at open-source products, according to a company representative. The timing of the patent donation and the terms governing use are still being worked out, the representative said. [...]"

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Friday, February 18, 2005

 

German Bundestag Adopting Multi-Partisan Resolution on Patentability of CII.

In accordance with the expectations yesterday the German Bundestag has adopted INTERNAL LINKthe multi-partisan Resolution commenting on the EU Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions. See EXTERNAL LINKHeise Newsticker [In German].

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Thursday, February 17, 2005

 

Directive on Patentability of CII: Turmoil Everywhere (Cont'd).

EXTERNAL LINKFrom TheRegister:
"[...] The European Conference of Presidents (CoP) has given its blessing to a parliamentary request to restart the legislative process on the Computer Implemented Inventions (CII) directive. Parliament now has the green light to ask the Commission to send the legislation back to the drawing board. [...]"
This is not yet surprising; it was to be expected (Although there might have been EXTERNAL LINKsome crackling thrill in the CoP session this morning). And what now? TheRegister continues:
"[...] The next step is for the Commission to consider this restart request. If it grants the request, the bill goes back to the beginning. If it does not, the common position agreed last May will be accepted, and the bill will progress to its second reading. [...]"
The EU Council has not yet taken any decision concerning the formal adoption of the Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions. Perhaps this might happen next week, or perhaps not, I now do not catch on to make any predictions. If the EU Council should eventually approve the Draft then we probably would have a sound institutional crisis in the EU.

[UPDATE0] 2005-02-17 23:50 The EXTERNAL LINKFFII e.V. just has provided EXTERNAL LINKthe report quoted below:
"[...] The conference was attended by Brussels correspondents of various newspapers, including New York Times and International Herald Tribune, as well as by correspondents from news agencies.

Speeches were given by Jerzy Buzek (MEP, Polish prime minister 1997-2001, co-initiator of the restart motion), Arda Gerkens, Alain Lipietz (French Green MEP interested in intellectual property questions), Florian Müller (nosoftwarepatents.com) and Erik Josefsson of FFII.

Jerzy Buzek announced that he was very happy with the fact that the Conference of Presidents had unanimously decided to submit the request for a restart of the directive to the European Commission. He is convinced the best way for the new European Parliament to quickly wrap up this troublesome directive, is by starting its work based on the outcome of the first reading of the previous EP. This way, they can profit from all the work which has already been performed, and thus hopefully wrap up quickly. He proposed a time frame of about 12 months.

Arda Gerkens explained how after being misinformed, the Dutch Parliament approved a motion asking the government to no longer support the Council's 18 May 2004 text. She noted how the government creatively interpreted this motion reducing it to a powerless statement, and thanked the Polish government for repeatedly delaying the approval of the A-item in the Council.

These delays enabled the Dutch Parliament to have a second chance at positively influencing the process, which it did by approving a second motion last week, which asks the government to prevent an adoption of the directive as an A-item at the Council until the Commission has replied to the European Parliament's restart request.

Alain Lipietz explained how the Greens have opposed this directive from the start. He also noted that while they supported many of the amendments approved by the European Parliament in its previous first reading, several loose ends still have to be tied up, such as for example the title and article 1. For that reason, they voted against the amended directive in first reading, and for the same reason they are also supportive of a new first reading: they want to be able to perfect the directive text.

Asked about what he thought about whether the Commission would honour the restart, he replied he thought they would. The Commission has the option to submit the same text as last time, a new text, ignore the request or reject it. Lipietz did not really care whether they Commission would choose the first or second option, since the EP can amend either text as it likes in a new first reading. If the Commission were to either ignore or reject the EP's restart request, he thought the most probable outcome would be a massive rejection of the directive in second reading.

Erik Josefsson from FFII hoped that the restart would finally result in a discussion based on substance, as opposed to discussions about esoteric further technical effects. He asked companies who have lobbied in favour of software patents to give clear examples of individual patents they want to keep, in order to be able to benchmark legislative proposals and amendments. Vague discussions about "MRI scanners" and "mobile phones" do not contribute to getting clear legislative goals.

The conference was also attended by two US lobbyists in favour of software patents who spread their press release and bravely argued their case in the discussion, provoking refutals mainly from Müller and Josefsson. Coming from a US background, they did note they thought the whole obfuscation of the debate using the misleading term "computer-implemented inventions" was unfortunate. [...]"


[UPDATE1] 2005-02-18 14:30 From EXTERNAL LINKEUpolitix.com:
"[...] Europe’s competition ministers will on March 7 decide the fate of controversial EU software patent proposals.

The council of ministers must rule on a request from the European Parliament to withdraw the troubled 'Computer Implemented Inventions Directive'.

MEPs have contested the software patent law on three occasions ending with a unanimous vote rejecting the directive in the parliament’s ‘conference of presidents’.

The parliament is unable to demand that the European Commission redrafts the legislation but can under EU treaty law demand that MEPs are re-consulted.

European Internal Market Commissioner Charlie McCreevy has refused to re-think the rules and insists that Europe’s national governments must decide. [...]"
A frontal institutional crash seems to be unavoidable.

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Tuesday, February 15, 2005

 

EU-CREST Committee on "IPR and Research"

The Committee for Scientific and Technical Research (Crest) is the advisory committee to the Council and the Commission. CREST has an advisory role, informing the Commission and the Council. Its mission is to issue reports at the request of either of the two bodies or on its own initiative, on subjects relating to scientific and technical research and in particular, on the co-ordination of national R+D policies.

From the EXTERNAL LINKUK-PTO website:
"[...] The Committee de la Recherche Scientifique & Technique (CREST) is an advisory Committee to the European Council and is tasked with acting as the operational interface to define and oversee the implementation of a soft governance tool called the "Open Method of Coordination" to achieve the goal set at the Barcelona European Council 2002 of research investment approaching 3% of GDP by 2010. This "Open Method of Coordination" involves mainly benchmarking & peer group review.

During the first CREST cycle, expert groups looked at 6 broad areas, with the Patent Office providing expert input to the "IPR and Research" expert group. All 6 of these groups reported back to the main CREST committee and the "IPR and Research" final report can be viewed here. Its recommendations were:
  1. Improve the coherence and effectiveness of IPR ownership regimes applicable in publicly funded research;
  2. Member States should earmark funding for the management of knowledge and IPR;
  3. Collect data in a coordinated way and develop IPR performance indicators;
  4. Establish mechanisms for promoting management of IPR in public research organisations (PROs);
  5. Promote the validation of European guidelines for management and exploitation of IPR in PROs and public-private partnerships by stakeholders;
  6. Basic awareness-training on IPR and technology transfer should be available for every student;
  7. Recognise IPR and technology transfer activities in appraising the performance of researchers;
  8. Promote the accreditation of technology transfer professionals on a Europe-wide basis.
The outcomes of this first cycle were published by CREST in its report of 1 October 2004. Useful recommendations came out of this first phase but many Member States, including the UK felt that the process could be improved by focusing on discreet projects based around fairly narrow issues.

As a result, the second CREST cycle which begins in 2005 will be structured as a rolling programme of narrowly defined, Member State led projects. The Patent Office is currently actively considering leading one such group that would look at intellectual property ownership issues in a European context.[...]"
The CREST Report is available on-line as EXTERNAL LINKDocument CREST 1206/04. Some Highlights from this paper:
"[...]First cycle recommendation 11

Improve the coherence and effectiveness of IPR ownership regimes applicable in publicly funded research. This can be done:

- By the production of clear legislation or guidelines for all PROs (universities and others) in each Member State;

- By the regular exchange of experience and good practices between those countries having a 'professor's privilege' regime. Although the same basic principle – professor's privilege – exists in a number of countries (FIN, IT, GR, S, RO), each one has peculiarities, and convergences between them should be promoted;

- By those countries with 'professor's privilege' regime making disclosure (to TTOs) of inventions and patents mandatory This would permit PROs in 'professor's privilege' countries to have a better overview of the inventions developed by their staff, and possibly to play a role in promoting their exploitation. In particular, it would make it easier (e.g. for industry) to identify the owner of any results generated by a PRO in these countries;

- By those countries having a 'professor’s privilege' system encouraging PROs making arrangements with researchers/professors so that they systematically assign their IP to the PRO or to its TTO, under clearly defined conditions. While doing so, transition to the institutional ownership regime should be promoted as a long term objective to such countries. Without requiring new legislation to be adopted, such a measure – to be taken individually by PROs – would have the same consequence as the replacement of the professor's privilege regime by the institutional ownership regime. It could also be promoted by Member States including provisions in their funding regimes, which allocate the rights to the institution rather than to the professor. Institutional ownership appears to be emerging as the common practice worldwide.

[...]

First cycle recommendation 12

Member states may consider that an earmarked percentage of their global public R&D financing will be devoted to the management of knowledge and IPR (technology transfer organisations and associations, incubators, etc.).

[...]

First cycle recommendation 13

Detailed data relating to the activities of TTOs (patenting, licensing, spin-off creation, etc.)should be collected in a coordinated way, so as to be able to benchmark these activities against each other. IPR performance indicators should be developed at European level and be directly comparable to that collected by AUTM in North America.

[...]

First cycle recommendation 14

Member States are advised to establish mechanisms to promote the management of Intellectual Property in PROs. To do this:

- Universities and other PROs are encouraged to establish their own guidelines regarding IPR management and exploitation. Public funding for technology transfer could be linked to such guidelines being in place at the PRO2. Furthermore, funding (in general) could make disclosure of profit-sharing arrangements between partners a mandatory requirement;

- National (and EC) R&D programmes and individual projects within them are advised to consider their economic / business impact due to IPR exploitation during evaluations.

[...]

First cycle recommendation 15

Member states and the EC should promote the validation of the European guidelines being prepared by stakeholders. To do this:

- Member States are proposed to monitor the progress of the work on the guidelines with the aim of assisting their validation and eventual implementation. To this end Member states could undertake suitable initiatives (e.g. national workshops involving both industry and PROs) to raise awareness on these guidelines and discuss their implementation at a national level;

- Member states considering the development of new national guidelines may wish to do so on the basis of these European guidelines;

- The Commission should promote collaboration and networking among existing European technology transfer associations.

[...]

First cycle recommendation 16

Member States should ensure that before graduating, every student – especially from science, engineering and business schools – receives basic awareness / training regarding intellectual property and technology transfer.

[...]

First cycle recommendation 17

Member states should ensure that researchers’ activities relating to patenting, licensing, spin-off creation and the like will be duly taken into account for performance appraisal purposes, to the same extent as classical academic criteria such as publications and prizes.

[...]

First cycle recommendation 18

Member states and/or the Commission should promote the accreditation of technology transfer professionals on a Europe-wide basis, to facilitate exchange of personnel and experience, and promote mobility, across Europe. [...]"
Sounds quite interesting, really.

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Monday, February 14, 2005

 

Reform of German Law of Employee's Inventions has failed.

The deliberations of the German Government and other stakeholders (Industry, Trade Unions) concerning a reform of the German law of employee's inventions are said to have failed. The industry has argued since long that this field of German law is overly bureaucratic and constitutes too much of 'red tape'. One of the basic ideas of a reform was to move payments for employee inventors from a detailed clearing based on the actual amount of utilisation of the invention by the employer towards payments in form of a lump sum. Although some particular results could be achieved, the project failed due to numerous differences concerning the gory details of such an undertaking. In particular, the Trade Unions intended to strengthen the position of the workers' council when negotiating company-specific remuneration schemes. For details, see off-line in the GRUR Journal 2005, issue 2, page 132, in a report by Ms. Henrike Vieregge [In German]. It is now no longer expected that a reform bill will reach the Parliament during this election period ending in 2006.

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Sunday, February 13, 2005

 

WIPO 'Enlarged Novelty' Proposals.

From the EXTERNAL LINKCIPA website:
"[...]WIPO has recently published, as part of its discussions on patent law harmonisation, a paper proposing an enlarged novelty arrangement, which would help to alleviate US concerns that the present European novelty requirements lead to double patenting, and be part of a package of measures under which the USA would move to the first-to-file regime.

The WIPO paper can be downloaded from

EXTERNAL LINKwww.wipo.int/scp/en/novelty/documents/5prov.pdf.

[...]"
The WIPO paper says:

"[...] 1. The present initial study is submitted upon request of the Standing Committee on the Law of Patents (SCP) at its tenth session, held in Geneva from May 10 to 14, 2004, in order to provide a basis for discussion concerning a possible new novelty concept applicable to the prior art effect of unpublished earlier applications under Article 8(2) of the draft Substantive Patent Law Treaty (SPLT). The study aims at providing broad background information and at facilitating further substantive discussion in the SCP, and thus addresses not only national and regional laws and practices regarding the prior art effect of earlier applications, but also the policy objectives underlying these different practices.

2. The divergences among national laws and practices in respect of the prior art effect of unpublished earlier applications seem to reflect different principles and objectives underlying the prevention of double patenting. Examining a number of national and regional laws and practices, it appears that those different practices correspond mainly to one or more of the following three models:

(i) Strict novelty: if a claimed invention is explicitly or inherently disclosed in an earlier application, the earlier application defeats the patentability of the claimed invention;

(ii) Broader novelty: even if the claimed invention is not fully disclosed (explicitly or inherently) in the earlier application, the earlier application defeats the patentability of the claimed invention if the differences between the two are minor (for example, a replacement with a well-known equivalent element);

(iii) Novelty and inventive step (non-obviousness): the earlier application defeats the patentability of the claimed invention if the latter lacks either novelty or inventive step (non-obviousness) compared to the earlier application.

The present initial study describes the characteristics of the different models in detail and further outlines possible legal and practical consequences of applying those models.

3. Further, since each model inherently provides certain advantages and disadvantages, many national and regional laws provide additional mechanisms in order to meet the underlying policy objectives, for example, provisions that avoid self-collision (earlier unpublished applications do not constitute prior art in respect of applications filed later by the same inventor or applicant) or a mechanism to subject the patent term of the later patent to that of the earlier patent (terminal disclaimer). The study examines the effects and the applicability of those mechanisms when combined with the different models. Since the adjustment of the term of protection per se is neither a matter of prior art nor of novelty, it is suggested that this matter does not need to be discussed in conjunction with the determination of the prior art effect of earlier applications.

4. In accordance with the request of the SCP, the initial study also considers the implications of extending a broader novelty concept to the issue of novelty in general. It seems that applying a broader novelty standard to publicly available prior art or imposing a strict novelty standard to such prior art does not lead to significant practical problems. In the former case, certain claimed inventions may be refused on the ground of lack of novelty, and in the latter case, they may be refused on the ground of lack of inventive step. Further, although a strict novelty standard can be applied to other cases involving a determination of the same invention, such as the validity of a priority right, divisional applications or amendments, the objectives underlying the novelty requirement and these other cases are different. A broader novelty standard may not easily be applied to, or appropriate for, those other cases in respect of which the preservation of the original contents of the application is decisive.

5. The initial study reveals that the different approaches in respect of the prior art effect of earlier applications reflect different patent cultures and societal objectives as well as different ways of balancing the interests of the parties involved under each legal framework. Therefore, each of the various systems constitutes a delicate balance of social, economic and legal factors. The main objective of harmonizing the prior art effect of earlier applications is to achieve a uniform prior art basis at the international level, thus contributing to more legal certainty and facilitating mutual work sharing among Patent Offices. In order to achieve this goal, a common standard on this issue at the international level would at least need to aim at achieving simplicity, clarity, legal certainty and predictability. [...]"
At present, EXTERNAL LINKArticle 54 (3) EPC in conjunction with EXTERNAL LINKArticle 56 EPC provides a "Strict novelty" approach for the European Patent Office (EPO).

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Friday, February 11, 2005

 

Directive on Patentability of CII: Turmoil Everywhere.

EuropaA couple of days ago it was thought that the Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions would be formally adopted by the EU Council on February 17, 2005. In view of this much anticipated event the Secretariat of the EU Council had published EXTERNAL LINKDocument 16120/04 ADD 2 exhibiting an additional statement for entry in the minutes of the Council meeting at which the above-mentioned common position will be adopted. The EXTERNAL LINKeffective date of this Document should read February 08, 2005. The statement reads:
"[...] Poland – having regard to the necessity of further work on the draft directive in order to strengthen legal certainty and to protect economic interests, particularly of small and medium sized enterprises, as well as activities in research and technological development – notes, despite the reservations submitted, the fact of reaching political agreement at the 18 May 2004 meeting of the Competitiveness Council concerning a common position leading up to a second reading of the draft directive. [...]

Poland states, however, that several key provisions included in the text of the proposal resulting from the Council meeting on 18 May 2004 do not meet her expectations.

Poland thus firmly favours unequivocal legal instruments guaranteeing that computer-implemented inventions will be patentable but a computer program or its fragment will not – beyond any doubt – be patentable. Poland therefore informs that she will support the draft directive on its second reading at the Council only if introduced amendments prohibit the patenting of computer programs. [...]

In conclusion, Poland wishes to emphasise that the goals that underlie the work on the directive can only be achieved when it establishes explicit legal instruments making it impossible to patent computer programs or their fragments, while enabling computer-implemented inventions to enjoy patentability. Poland will steadfastly strive, at later stages of the legislative work, for these conditions to be met. She will do so in the conviction that a proper settlement of the issues related to patenting computer-implemented inventions will become an important factor in enhancing the competitiveness of the European economy and in strengthening of the European Research Area."
So, what do they mean with the phrase "legal instruments guaranteeing that computer-implemented inventions will be patentable but a computer program or its fragment will not – beyond any doubt – be patentable"? Of course, if patents on computer-implemented inventions are allowable, then commercially tinkering around with a piece of software enabling just a certain patented invention will constitute a risk of (contributory) patent infringement. This effect seems to be just unavoidable. Could please someone explain to the Polish government the basics of patent law?

Anyway, as it looks today the EU Council is not in in a position to formally adopt the Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions next week. EXTERNAL LINKHeise Newsticker EXTERNAL LINKwrites:
"[...]The plans of the EU Commission and the EU Council of Ministers to officially adopt the controversial position of the Council of Ministers prior to the EU Parliament's formal motion to restart the whole legislative process from scratch are running into considerable difficulties. After the Spanish Senado [Senate], last Thursday the Dutch Twwede Kamer [Second Chamber] also insistently demanded of its government that it keep the shaky position of the Council of Ministers of May of last year shelved for the time being. The Commission was to respond first to the motion put forth by the members of the European parliament to restart the legislative process on the directive, the Chamber declared.

The pressure exerted by parliaments against the quick creation of facts on the ground regarding the hot topic of the patentability of software is thus building apace: Next Thursday the Bundestag, the lower yet in most matters of policy the decisive Chamber of Germany's Federal Parliament, will in a plenary session in all likelihood support with a sweeping majority the motion tabled by a range of parliamentary groups calling on the federal government to also intervene to prevent the adoption of the position of the EU Council. [...]"
And EXTERNAL LINKReuters EXTERNAL LINKwrites:
"[...] BRUSSELS (Reuters) - The European Union has delayed plans to approve disputed rules on patenting computer inventions, the EU executive Commission said on Friday, in a setback to legislation seen as vital by big software companies. [...]

'The Commission regrets very much that the software patent will not be on the agenda. It has been removed," Commission spokesman Olivier Drewes told a news conference.' [...]"
So, the battle will rage on and on. EXTERNAL LINKENN.ie EXTERNAL LINKwrites:
"[...]Few on either side of the argument have stood up to say that the software patents debate boils down to something as simple as "European social democracy vs. American capitalism," but everyone has hinted at it. Since there seems to be no compromise - the EU either allows software patents or it doesn't - then anyone concerned with the matter must join one side or the other. If you did not take sides this last time around, don't worry, the bloodiest battles are still ahead. [...]"

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Tuesday, February 08, 2005

 

UK to lead Working Group on IP and Development.

The UK-PTO EXTERNAL LINKreports:
"The United States Patent and Trade Mark Office recently invited representatives from the European Commission, the European Patent Office, and a number of national patent offices to discuss how to make progress on patent law harmonisation and issues surrounding intellectual property and developing countries. The meeting agreed the following Statement of Intent:
  1. The Participants ('Participants') of the Exploratory Meeting of Interested Parties Concerning the Future of Substantive Patent Law Harmonisation, held February 3-4, 2005 in Alexandria, Virginia, wishing to promote and facilitate progress on certain key issues under consideration in the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), agree to convene future meetings to consider:
    1. substantive patent law harmonisation issues, notably the Trilateral 'first package', as developed by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the European Patent Office and the Japan Patent Office and set forth in WIPO Document WO/GA/31/10; and
    2. issues with regard to intellectual property and development, including proposals for a WIPO Development Agenda and proposals relating to genetic resources, with a view to seeking a common basis for further discussions in WIPO.
  2. The Participants agree that the following parties will be invited to participate in the future meetings: all Members of WIPO Group B, Member States of the European Union, the European Commission, Member States of the European Patent Organisation, and the European Patent Office.
  3. The Participants further agree to have regular, intersessional meetings of subgroups to address the issues referenced in Paragraph 1.
    Participants: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Commission, European Patent Office, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.'
IP Australia will lead a subgroup on substantive patent law harmonisation, and the UK and Netherlands will jointly lead a subgroup on development issues. Meetings of the two subgroups will be held between March and May, with a view to preparing proposals to put to the World Intellectual Property Organisation later in the year. The UK will also be attending WIPO meetings with developing countries to identify issues which will facilitate progress on a mutually beneficial basis."
This clearly seems to be an attempt staged by the U.S. to outmanoeuvre the WIPO which is increasingly perceived as being hampered by certain WIPO Member States (Brazil, Argentina) and NGOs increasingly INTERNAL LINKobstructing the emerging global system of Intellectual Property protection. And it looks as if this attempt was, at least for the beginning, quite successful. We'll have to wait and see.

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German Bundestag to vote on Resolution concerning Patentability of CII.

On February 17, 2005, the EXTERNAL LINKlower house of the German Parliament ("Bundestag") will have a pleanary vote on INTERNAL LINKa multi-partisan Draft resolution on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions. Now INTERNAL LINKOfficial Document 15/4787 is available [in German only, sorry] conveying the minutes of the Legal Affairs Committee of the Parliament recommending adoption of the Draft resolution as originally filed.

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Monday, February 07, 2005

 

EU demanding Disclosure of Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (TK) in Patent Applications.

EXTERNAL LINKWIPO EXTERNAL LINKis reporting having received a certain proposal from the EU Commission:
Europa"[...]This document outlines the basic features for a balanced and effective proposal on the disclosure of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge (TK) in patent applications. The European Community and its Member States already agreed in the 2002 Communication to the TRIPs Council to examine and discuss the possible introduction of a system, such as a self-standing disclosure requirement, that would allow States to keep track, at global level, of all patent applications with regard to genetic resources. Since 2002, several developments in WIPO, WTO, FAO, the CBD and other relevant fora have contributed to the discussion. More recently, the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity has invited WIPO to examine issues regarding the interrelation of access to genetic resources and disclosure requirements in intellectual property rights applications, including, inter alia, options for model provisions on proposed disclosure requirements. The WIPO General Assembly of 2004 decided that WIPO should respond positively to this invitation. The present proposals reflect the position of the EC and its Member States on this issue. [...]

In the 2002 Communication to the TRIPs Council, the EC and its Member States expressed their preference for a requirement that should be applied to all patent applications. The EC and its Member States also consider that the disclosure obligation should be mandatory. This implies that the disclosure requirement should be implemented in a legally binding and universal manner. A global and compulsory system creates a level playing field for industry and the commercial exploitation of patents, and also facilitates the possibilities under Article 15(7) of the CBD for the sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. The introduction of such a scheme should take place in an efficient and timely way, and be related to the existing international legal framework for patents. In order to achieve such a binding disclosure requirement, amendment of the Patent Law Treaty (PLT), the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and, as the case may be, regional agreements such as the EPC will be necessary. The disclosure requirement then applies to all international, regional and national patent applications at the earliest stage possible. [...]"

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Sunday, February 06, 2005

 

France still blocking London Agreement.

EXTERNAL LINKThe Chartered Institute of Patent Agents (CIPA) is a professional body representing Patent Attorneys in the UK. With regard to the EXTERNAL LINKLondon Agreement EXTERNAL LINKthey recently wrote:
"[...] CIPA strongly supports the London Agreement and would like to see it ratified and implemented as quickly as possible so that users of the patent system can benefit from the significant cost savings that it will bring. However, CIPA is not in favour of the UK abolishing the requirement for translations unilaterally or giving effect to the Agreement in UK law in advance of the Agreement entering into force. [...]

There are concerns that the Agreement may never take effect if countries such as France have problems with ratification. In this case, users of the patent system would continue to bear the burden of high translation costs, which can be prohibitive for SMEs in particular. There have been suggestions that in this case a similar arrangement within a smaller group of countries might be beneficial. However, we believe that the UK should ratify the Agreement now and see if this encourages other States. Indeed, we urge that all efforts are made to persuade France in particular to ratify. If there is no progress after a reasonable period, say one year, CIPA would support the UK engaging in discussions among a smaller or different group of countries. [...]"
I think that there should still be some hope that one day France will eventually let the ratification of the London Agreement pass through her national legislation.

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UK-CIPA on Patentability of Computer-Implemented Inventions (CII).

EXTERNAL LINKThe Chartered Institute of Patent Agents (CIPA) is a professional body representing Patent Attorneys in the UK. Concerning the fate of the Draft EU Directive on patentability of computer-implemented inventions EXTERNAL LINKthey wrote:
"[...] Bruce Alexander, President of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents (CIPA) was deeply disappointed on hearing the news that the European Parliament's Legal Affairs Committee had voted to ask for the directive on the continued patentability of computer-implemented inventions to be sent back to first reading. He said 'At best this will mean a further year or more of uncertainty for Europe’s IT sector. At worst it could result in there being virtually no legal protection in this area.' Bruce went on to say 'If the European Parliament thinks it has helped the European economy in any way by making this decision, it is badly mistaken'.

Another CIPA spokesman and IT expert, Dr Simon Davies, said in a recent statement 'The country with the most software patents, namely the US, also has the most dynamic, innovative, and economically productive software industry. In addition, Europe's most successful hi-tech ICT industry is telecommunications, which likewise has a large number of patents, many implemented by computer programs. In short, the patent system stimulates investment by rewarding innovation and creation - something that is of growing importance for Europe as countries like India and China increasingly provide low-cost alternatives for implementation. For this reason, the main industry bodies in the UK all support the continued patenting of computer-implemented inventions in Europe. The specific intention of the proposed Directive is to enshrine existing case law into statute and there is widespread acceptance that current practice is working well.'

Bruce Alexander went on to say 'I accept the patent system is not perfect, and I note that in the USA there is a sensible debate about whether it can be fine-tuned. Unfortunately, the European Parliament has moved the debate away from fine tuning to fundamental issues which we hoped were already settled'. [...]"

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Playing with the Concept of a required "Technical Contribution".

The debate on that what the concept of a 'technical contribution' should mean in the patent law of the future accelerates its pace. No surprise that some anti-patent campaigners want to make sure that this concept is defined in a way to render the range of patentable subject-matter as small as possible.

As INTERNAL LINKreported earlier, the anti-patent campaigners surely will be inclined to assume that the phrase from the 1969 "Red Dove" decision should play a decisive role in determining the meaning of technicality:
"Technicality is to be attributed to a teaching for a methodical action utilising controllable forces of nature for achieving a causally predictable result which is the direct consequence of said utilisation of controllable forces of nature without interposition of action of human brain."
Recently I stumbled over a 19th century description of the probably very first implementation of a mechanical (not optical) telefax device called "Teleautograph" (see the figure above). It worked electro-mechanically sensing the position of a pen writing on a piece of paper by measuring the change of length of two thin threads of silk caused by a pencil writing on a sheet of paper. Each of the silk threads is wound around a rotatable drum. The pulling out of the two threads of silk during writing cause small rotations of the drums which trigger switches creating electrical pulses. On the receiver's side the pulses are electromagnetically translated into proportional rotations of respective rotatable receiver drums acing in the same way on two silk threads mounted at a writing pen.

Perhaps one now can play with the concept of 'technical contribution' without being caught in nasty discussions on computer-implemented inventions. Assuming that the Morse telegraph was known before the invention of the 'Teleautograph': Would the difference between the Morse telegraph and the Teleautograph justify the assumption of a 'technical contribution' sufficient to establish patentability? Transmitting information my electrical pulses was known from the Morse telegraph. Hence, the Teleautograph might be seen as merely a means for encoding human writing to electrical pulses. So it could be argued that, compared with the Morse telegraph, it merely transforms the representation of some bit of information from a hand-written autograph into a sequence of electrical pulses. How should a proper discussion be conducted in order to determine the "technicality" of the difference between the Morse telegraph and the Teleautograph?

If this difference is considered sufficient to provide a significant difference to establish a 'technical contribution', would this also hold for a PC equipped with a digitiser tablet input device for measuring the movement of a writing pen? If not, why not?

Anyway, if applying any emerging doctrine of a required 'technical contribution' doctrine would render the original non-computerised Teleautograph unpatentable over the Morse telegraph, then probably something is wrong with that doctrine.

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The Patent System and the European Crisis.

As everybody with eyes open can perceive, the industrial decline of 'old Europe' is in full swing. In the 18th and 19th century, England, and later on also Germany used to be leading nations in terms of innovative technologies (See some example of a successful 19th century European high-tech product on the image on the left). Now, after two disastrous 20th century wars (both of them caused by German simplemindedness and delusions of grandeur), Europe is on the decline. Germany today has registered more than five millions of unemployed persons, an order of magnitude which is known from the times of the Republic of Weimar. Britain and some other EU countries (in particular in eastern Europe) seem to be better off, but compared to the United States and in particular to some of the dynamic economies in Asia they all look somewhat pale. More and more high tech products, in the consumer sector and increasingly also for industrial purposes, from personal computers to machine tools, are cheaply manufactured in Asia. Their prices can't be undercut by European vendors, in particular due to (but not limited to) comparatively high wage levels. And European (in particular German) customer service today isn't that what it used to be for centuries. Ground-breaking innovative concepts tend to come from the United States and are increasingly manufactured on workbenches in the far east.

No doubt, Europe's industry is in a deep crisis.

So, also the various anti-patent campaigners start looking at the statistics. And what do they discover? They infer from the figures that foreign companies file for more patent applications - in particular in the sector of computer-implemented inventions - than domestic enterprises based in Europe or, in particular, Germany. Hence, according to some of those activists, the benefits of the patent system go to those foreign countries, not to European entities. They therefore conclude that the patent system should be cut back, at least in those fields where there is a superiority of foreign non-EU companies. From a EXTERNAL LINKFFII Statement:
"[...] Wird eine den USA ähnliche Patentierungspraxis, wie sie das EPA seit Ende der 1990er Jahre verfolgt, in Europa zugelassen, so geht der Wettbewerbsvorteil, den deutsche Unternehmen auf dem Europäischen Markt gegenüber amerikanischen Unternehmen haben, verloren. Da die meisten Softwarepatente von amerikanischen Unternehmen gehalten werden, würden die zu erwartenden zusätzlichen Lizenzzahlungen insgesamt einen Aderlaß für die deutsche Wirtschaft bedeuten. [...]"
I would like to offer my English translation as follows:
"[...] If a practice of patenting similar to that in the U.S. and as aspired to by the EPA since the end of the 90s would be admitted in Europe, then the competitive advantage of European companies on the European market vis-a-vis American companies is lost. Because of most software patents are owned by American companies the additional licence payments to be expected would in their sum constitute a blood-letting for the German economy. [...]"
The old song of the protectionists: If the industry at home is too weak to stand one's ground, then erect barriers against the foreign competitors. This concept is as wrong and misguided as ever. And in this particular case, the guys from FFII e.V. even go as far as to bluntly put advantages and handicaps for German companies against those for European companies, respectively. What will anti-patent campaigners from other EU Member States think of such nationalistic escapades of the German branch of FFII e.V.? Would the anti-patent campaigners be inclined to think that patents on computer-implemented inventions to be more desirable if European or German industries were on the edge over their competitors from outside the EU?

Such thinking does not fit well into a globalised capitalistic economy.

It looks as if the anti-patent campaigners are deliberately and purposefully mixing up cause and consequences. European and, in particular, German companies arguing against the patent system do not benefit on the same scale from the patent system than their competitors from outside of the EU because of in too many fields of technology they are lagging behind. Not vice versa.

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Friday, February 04, 2005

 

UK Residents only: Computer-Implemented Inventions Directive Technical Contribution Workshops.

From the EXTERNAL LINKUK PTO website:
"Following the meeting about the Directive Computer-Implemented Inventions Directive on 14 December 2004, we are now arranging workshops to discuss 'technical contribution'.

These workshops are intended to explore the definition of 'technical contribution' and test ideas against possible innovations. They will be open to all those from the UK who have an interest in this technical issue.

The workshops will take the form of small groups which will each have an opportunity to feed back their discussion to the meeting as a whole. We would like to encourage all attendees to actively participate in, what we hope will be, a constructive debate. The Minister will be informed of the output from the workshops, which will help to inform the Government's position in any further discussions on the Directive.

The workshops are provisionally booked as follows, subject to levels of interest:
  • Belfast - Monday 4 April 2005
  • Bolton - Thursday 17 March 2005
  • Bristol - Friday 18 March 2005
  • Cardiff - Friday 8 April 2005
  • Coventry - Tuesday 15 March 2005
  • Glasgow - Tuesday 5 April 2005
  • London - Thursday 7 April 2005
If you would like to attend one of the workshops, please register your interest by 18 February 2005."

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Europe's Ministers are planning to push ahead with Draft Directive on Patentability of CII.

Mr. Simon Taylor, IDG News Service, and Mr. Kieren McCarthy, Techworld, EXTERNAL LINKwrite:
"[...] Europe's ministers are planning to push ahead with controversial patent legislation despite a vote on Wednesday by MEPs to restart the process. The decision will set the two decision-making bodies of the EU at loggerheads.

Nicolas Schmit, deputy foreign minister of Luxembourg, which is currently chairing Council of Ministers meetings, said yesterday that he would ask the body to formally adopt the much-disputed draft directive on patents at a meeting on 17 February.

His statement came after Parliament's legal affairs committee had voted 19-2 in favour of asking the Commission to withdraw the directive and rethink it. [...]"
Um, so, in fact the European Parliament as a body within the context of the EU has not yet taken any formal decision. But if the re-start is formally adopted by the competent decision-makers of the Parliament then we would have something like an institutional crisis between the European Parliament, on the one hand, and the EU Council, on the other hand.

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Thursday, February 03, 2005

 

AIPPI publishes Report of Mr. Dariusz Szleper on Pan-European IP Summit.

EXTERNAL LINKAIPPI has published EXTERNAL LINKa very interesting report authored by Mr. Dariusz Szleper on the Pan-European IP summit held on December 2-3, 2004 in Brussels:
"[...] The second part of the meeting on Thursday morning was devoted to the question of the evaluation of IP rights. The discussion related to the problem of enforcement of the patent rights in Europe and specifically to the anticipation concerning the attitude of the companies in the possible adoption of the Community patent. One of the speakers, Mr Ian HARVEY, underlined the fact that, due to the legal uncertainty which will be prevail long after the introduction of the new system, the Community patent will not be adopted in practice by the companies before 30 to 40 years. This opinion did not raise any particular opposition from the other members of the panel and from the attendants. - The next part of the morning meeting was devoted to patent management strategies inside Europe. The organiser of the meeting had managed to get the participation of representatives from several major world companies, such as GE, IBM, BAYER, PHILIPS and AIR LIQUIDE. The common opinion of all participants was that the current European system is, as long as it concerns the prosecution of the patents, very satisfying. And no speaker was strongly in favour of the Community patent. However, every speaker has strongly recommended the modification of the litigation system in Europe, underlying his preference to the EPLA Agreement. It seems that the industry 'BLUE CHIPS' are strongly in favour of EPLA and are not specifically keen to see the adoption of the Community patent at least under its current form (due to the translation solution as proposed by the Commission). [...]

The end of the morning meeting was devoted to the speech of President of EPO, Mr Alain POMPIDOU. He strongly stressed the will of EPO to achieve the EPLA Agreement and the need to resolve the problem of the translation of the European patents. He even suggested that one solution may be to obtain the ratification by the European Union of the London Protocol, which would allow the languages of the Community patent to be submitted only to the rules of the London Protocol. He also emphasised the need to devote a sufficient national effort to research and development and promised to act on various political levels in order to obtain the agreements of the whole European society to improve the current patent system in Europe. His speech was highly appreciated by the audience. [...]"
So, there seems not to be very much sympathy for the EU Commission's proposals concerning the EU Community Patent and, in particular, for the related EXTERNAL LINKProposal for a Council Decision conferring jurisdiction on the Court of Justice in disputes relating to the Community patent. The EXTERNAL LINKEPLA seems to be much better off INTERNAL LINKthan expected.

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Mr. Klaus-Heiner Lehne MEP: "Commission should Withdraw its Proposal".

EXTERNAL LINKMr. Klaus-Heiner Lehne MEP (CDU EVP) has recently EXTERNAL LINKargued as follows:
LEHNE, Klaus-Heiner"[...]The European Parliament has taken the initiative in the stalled debate on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions ('software patents'). Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs unanimously voted yesterday for a renewed first reading of the proposal. 'Commissioner McCreevy has to withdraw the proposal,' the EPP-ED Group's spokesman on Legal Affairs, Klaus-Heiner Lehne MEP (CDU) said. 'This would be the best solution to solve the current blockade', he added. [...]

The procedure to date has shown that the Commission's proposal was 'unsuitable', Lehne continued. Because of the increasingly emotional discussion a factual decision is getting more and more difficult. Lehne warned: 'We are in danger of reaching a stage that would radically limit the patentability of inventions.'

A restrictive patentability would harm innovative industries especially in the areas of medicine, automotive production, technical components and household goods, the Member of European Parliament warned. 'This is about the innovative capacity of Europe's industry', he said. The Commission must not continue its policy 'with its eyes shut.' 'We need time to reflect,' Lehne said. The decision by the Committee on Legal Affairs puts pressure on the Commission. According to article 55 of its statute, the European Parliament can demand a renewed procedure. [...]"
Mr. Lehne is right with his proposal to cancel the entire project on the Commission's side. After a moratorium of some couple of years, perhaps another attempt could be launched to deal with that matter. It is good to hear that Mr. Lehne is not buying the propaganda of the anti-patent campaigners but insists that a restrictive patentability would harm innovative industries especially in the areas of medicine, automotive production, technical components and household goods. I am delighted.

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JURI voted on Procedures to deal with Draft Directive on CII.

The Legal Auffairs Committee ("JURI") has voted on the proceedings how to further deal with the Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions. EXTERNAL LINKGroklaw writes:
"[...]It's true. JURI has voted to restart the procedure regarding software patents. From scratch. I heard it first from an email, and now Heise has it up online. Here is the FFII press release. Jan Wildeboer tells me that by invoking Rule 55 of the Rules of Parliament, JURI is now asking for a completely new directive. He says the proposed directive on so-called "computer-implemented inventions" was under heavy fire from the beginning of the intense meeting. By throwing away almost all amendments of the Parliament, the Council tried to push through a "compromise" that was not ultimately accepted, making a restart the only viable way left. So, says Jan, the proposed directive is /dev/null. [...]"
I think the best thing would be if the EU Commission simply cancels the Draft Directive (they have the power to do so). Any anti-patent Directive would be worse than no Directive at all.

[UPDATE_0] 2005-03-03 18:30 From EXTERNAL LINKEUROPARL News Report:
"[...] Although a large majority of the committee called for a fresh proposal under Rule 55, some MEPs, notably Klaus-Heiner LEHNE (EPP-ED, DE), stressed that the Commission is still at liberty to decide what to do. That observation was made in reply to Mr Rocard's impassioned plea against a new referral, which he feared would result in a long delay in the adoption of legislation which is necessary - even if unacceptable in its current form. While some Members clearly thought that the proposal has no future, others argued that a compromise solution can be found, as long as the Council and Commission are willing to work on a fresh draft, incorporating the Parliament's first-reading amendments. [...]"

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Wednesday, February 02, 2005

 

Charlie McCREEVY: "The Protection of Intellectual and Industrial Property is at the Heart of any Knowledge-Based Economy."

Charlie McCREEVY, European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services, EXTERNAL LINKaddressing the Legal Affairs Committee of the European Parliament:
"[...] The protection of intellectual and industrial property is at the heart of any knowledge-based economy and central to the Lisbon agenda. No appropriate protection of copyrights, patents, trademarks or designs for instance, means no incentive for authors to create and for companies to innovate. The EU legal framework on this area is already well developed but enforcement needs to be improved.

I appreciate that the directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions is a very delicate issue and I would not like to underestimate the hard work which will be needed to ensure an agreement between Council and Parliament. I understand that the Luxembourg Presidency has now received written assurances concerning the re-instatement of this issue as an A point at a forthcoming Council. Needless to say, a constructive dialogue between the Council and Parliament will be vital for an agreement. Any agreement will need to strike a fair balance between different interests. Having no directive means continuing to rely on case law, which leads to considerable legal uncertainty which is why we must strive to find a balanced solution.

The Community Patent is a key initiative to reach the Lisbon target. Here again, no Community Patent means higher costs, legal uncertainty, and fewer incentives to research and innovation. We continue to hope that the Council will come to an agreement on the Community Patent, although important sticking points remain.

Protection of industrial property is necessary to stimulate innovation but over-protection does nothing to boost our competitiveness. The Commission proposal to liberalise the after-market for spare parts (an amendment of the designs directive) attempts to strike the right balance in this respect. The Parliament has generally taken a favourable stance on the envisaged approach in the past. I hope that you will continue to view the proposal favourably. [...]"
So, I'm looking forward to see the Draft Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions approved by the EU Council soon. Moreover, the EU Community Patent does not look as dead as it did last year; however, I would not be overly optimistic because of the language issue will be even harder to resolve than the disputes over the patentability of computer-implemented inventions.

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Mr. Barroso on Patent Law and the Lisbon Agenda.

EXTERNAL LINKFT.com on Mr. Barroso, President of the European Commission, and on the Lisbon Agenda:
"[...] Visitors to José Manuel Barroso's 13th-floor office at the European Commission in Brussels soon ask themselves a question: what is this man doing here? The new Commission president speaks colourless, managerial language about facilitating co-operation in a Europe of nation states. He is also, as a 90-minute conversation confirms, an unashamed econ